Mammogram Preparation: What to Expect & How to Get Ready

Learn what to wear, what to avoid, and how to make your mammogram as smooth and stress-free as possible.

A mammogram is an important screening tool for early breast cancer detection, but preparing properly can make the process easier and ensure accurate results. From booking at the right time to knowing what to wear, a few simple steps can help you feel more comfortable. Here’s what you need to know to get ready with confidence.

Key Takeaway

Choose the right time – Book when your breasts are less tender and let your doctor know about any prior scans or implants.
Dress & prepare properly – Wear a two-piece outfit, avoid deodorant and talcum powder, and remove jewellery.
Know what to expect – Brief compression, low-dose radiation, and possible follow-up tests if needed.

Who Should Get a Mammogram?

Breast cancer doesn’t wait for the perfect time, which is why routine screening is essential for early detection. Mammograms can help find cancer before symptoms appear, making treatment more effective.

Recommended Age Groups & Screening Frequency

In Australia, women aged 50 to 74 are encouraged to have a mammogram every two years through BreastScreen Australia. The program is free and doesn’t require a referral from a doctor.

If you’re 40 to 49 or over 75, you can still access free screenings, but they’re not actively recommended. If you fall into these age groups, speak with your GP to determine whether regular mammograms are right for you.

What If You’re at Higher Risk?

Some women have a higher risk of breast cancer, which may require more frequent or earlier screening. Risk factors include:

A strong family history of breast cancer (e.g., close relatives diagnosed at a young age)
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
A personal history of breast cancer or high-risk lesions
Dense breast tissue, which can make tumours harder to detect on a standard mammogram

If you have a high-risk profile, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a breast MRI or ultrasound, alongside regular mammograms. (1)

When & How to Book a Mammogram

Best Time to Schedule

If you still have regular periods, it’s best to book your mammogram for a week after your cycle starts. During this time, your breasts are less tender, making the procedure more comfortable.

If you’re postmenopausal, you can schedule your mammogram at any time.

Choosing the Right Clinic

Not all imaging centres offer the same quality of service. Ensure your clinic meets the RANZCR (Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists) quality standards for mammography. This ensures your scans are accurate and properly assessed.

To book a free screening, visit BreastScreen Australia’s website or call 13 20 50.

What to Tell Your Doctor

Before your mammogram, inform your doctor or radiographer if you have:

Breast implants, as special imaging techniques will be required
Had previous mammograms, so they can compare past results
A history of breast cancer in your family, as this may impact your screening schedule

What to Wear & What to Avoid

Clothing Tips

Wear a two-piece outfit (e.g., a button-up shirt with pants or a skirt). Since you’ll need to remove your top and bra for the scan, a dress may be inconvenient.

Avoid Deodorant & Lotions

Many deodorants, powders, and lotions contain tiny metallic particles that can appear as white spots on your mammogram, leading to unnecessary follow-ups. Avoid applying these products on the day of your scan.

Remove Jewellery

Necklaces and large earrings should be removed, as they can interfere with imaging.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Credits: Loma Linda University Health

Step-by-Step Process

Check-in: You’ll fill out a form with your medical history.
Changing Room: You’ll be given a gown to wear from the waist up.
Breast Positioning: A radiographer will position one breast at a time on a flat X-ray plate.
Compression: A second plate will lower to gently press your breast, spreading the tissue for a clearer image.
Holding Still: You’ll need to hold your breath for a few seconds while the X-ray is taken.
Repeat for the Other Breast: The process is then done on the second breast.

Does It Hurt?

The compression can feel uncomfortable or slightly painful, but it only lasts a few seconds. If you have sensitive breasts, taking a mild pain reliever beforehand may help.

How Long Does It Take?

The entire procedure usually takes 15 to 30 minutes, with the imaging itself lasting only a few seconds per breast.

Radiation Exposure: Is It Safe?

Mammograms use low-dose X-rays, with radiation exposure being minimal—comparable to natural background radiation over a few months. The benefits of early detection far outweigh the small risk. (2)

Understanding Your Results

Normal vs. Abnormal Findings

Normal result: No signs of cancer; return for screening in two years.
Abnormal result: Further imaging (like ultrasound or biopsy) may be needed. This doesn’t necessarily mean cancer—it could be a cyst or harmless tissue changes.

Breast Density & Accuracy

Dense breasts contain more glandular tissue than fat, which can make it harder to detect cancer. If you have dense breasts, additional screening methods like an MRI or ultrasound may be recommended.

False Positives & Follow-Ups

Sometimes, a mammogram picks up something suspicious that isn’t cancer. Follow-up tests may include:

Extra mammogram views (compression or magnification images)
Ultrasound to determine if a lump is solid or fluid-filled
Biopsy if a suspicious area needs further analysis

Addressing Common Concerns

Pain Management Tips

Schedule smart: Avoid booking your mammogram before your period, when breasts are more tender.
Take a mild pain reliever: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can help.
Relax your muscles: Tension can increase discomfort.

Radiation Risks?

The radiation exposure from a mammogram is very low and well within safe limits. For perspective, it’s less than what airline crew receive from cosmic radiation over a few long-haul flights.

Cost & Low-Cost Options

Free mammograms: Available through BreastScreen Australia for women over 40.
Private imaging centres: Costs vary but may be covered by Medicare or private health insurance.

Breast Health Beyond Mammograms

Healthy Lifestyle Tips

Exercise regularly: 30 minutes of physical activity per day lowers breast cancer risk.
Eat well: A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports breast health.
Limit alcohol: More than one drink a day can increase your risk.
Quit smoking: Smoking is linked to various cancers, including breast cancer.

Self-Checks & When to See a Doctor

Even if you have regular mammograms, knowing your breasts is important. Look out for:

New lumps or thickening
Skin changes (redness, dimpling, or swelling)
Nipple changes (inversion, discharge, or crusting)

If you notice anything unusual, see your doctor immediately, even if your last mammogram was clear.

Advancements in Breast Screening

Technology is improving breast cancer detection, with innovations like:

3D mammography (tomosynthesis) – Takes multiple images from different angles.
AI-assisted imaging – Helps radiologists detect subtle abnormalities.
Blood tests for early detection – Still in development but showing promise.

Conclusion

Mammograms save lives by detecting breast cancer early when it’s most treatable. The procedure is quick, safe, and highly effective, though it may feel uncomfortable for a few seconds.

With proper preparation—like scheduling at the right time, wearing the right clothing, and knowing what to expect—you can make the experience smoother and less stressful. Regular screenings are essential, especially if you have risk factors. Prioritising your breast health now can make all the difference later.